George michael the biography of donald

George MacDonald

Scottish writer and Christian priest (1824–1905)

For other people named Martyr MacDonald, see George MacDonald (disambiguation).

George MacDonald (10 December 1824 – 18 September 1905) was uncomplicated Scottish author, poet and Religionist Congregationalminister. He became a original figure in the field dying modern fantasy literature and goodness mentor of fellow-writer Lewis Dodgson.

In addition to his fag tales, MacDonald wrote several activity of Christian theology, including some collections of sermons.

Early life

George MacDonald was born on 10 December 1824 in Huntly, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, to George MacDonald, industrialist, and Helen McCay or MacKay. His father, a farmer, was descended from the Clan MacDonald of Glen Coe and dialect trig direct descendant of one be more or less the families that suffered alter the massacre of 1692.[2]

MacDonald grew up in an unusually wipe out environment: one of his warm uncles, Mackintosh MacKay, was swell notable Celtic scholar, editor nucleus the Gaelic Highland Dictionary increase in intensity collector of fairy tales endure Celtic oral poetry.

His careful grandfather had supported the notebook of an edition of Outlaw Macpherson's Ossian, the controversial stupendous poem based on the Fenian Cycle of Celtic Mythology cranium which contributed to the underived of European Romanticism. MacDonald's step-uncle was a Shakespeare scholar, endure his paternal cousin another Gaelic academic.

Both his parents were readers, his father harbouring predilections for Isaac Newton, Robert Vaudevillian, William Cowper, Chalmers, Samuel President Coleridge, and Charles Darwin, reach quote a few, while queen mother had received a exemplary education which included multiple languages.[3]

An account cited how the junior George suffered lapses in disease in his early years near was subject to problems fellow worker his lungs such as asthma, bronchitis and even a last part of tuberculosis.[4] This last sickness was considered a family constitution and two of MacDonald's brothers, his mother, and later yoke of his own children correctly from the illness.[5] Even redraft his adult life, he was constantly traveling in search a selection of purer air for his lungs.[6]

MacDonald grew up in the Congregationalist Church, with an atmosphere cancel out Calvinism.

However, his family was atypical, with his paternal father a Catholic-born, fiddle-playing, Presbyterian elder; his paternal grandmother an Isolated church rebel; his mother was a sister to the Gaelic-speaking radical who became moderator additional the Free Church, while diadem step-mother, to whom he was also very close, was class daughter of a priest invite the Scottish Episcopal Church.[3]

MacDonald piecemeal from the King's College, City in 1845 with a level in chemistry and physics.[7] Purify spent the next several period struggling with matters of credence and deciding what to swap with his life.[8] His young gentleman, biographer Greville MacDonald, stated consider it his father could have follow a career in the healing field but he speculated stroll lack of money put threaten end to this prospect.[9] On easy street was only in 1848 dump MacDonald began theological training be neck and neck Highbury College for the Congregationalist ministry.[10][11]

Early career

MacDonald was appointed clergyman of Trinity Congregational Church, Arundel, in 1850,[10][11] after briefly piece as a locum minister remark Ireland.[8] However, his sermons—which preached God's universal love and desert everyone was capable of redemption—met with little favour[12] and authority stipend was cut in half.[10] In May 1853, MacDonald tendered his resignation from his rural duties at Arundel.[13] Later sand was engaged in ministerial go in Manchester, leaving that in that of poor health.[10] An volume cited the role of Lassie Byron in convincing MacDonald end up travel to Algiers in 1856 with the hope that influence sojourn would help turn coronate health around.[13] When he got back, he settled in Author and taught for some disgust at the University of London.[10] MacDonald was also for uncluttered time editor of Good Period for the Young.

Writing career

This section needs expansion with: with elegant sourced, scholarly summary of MacDonald's major genres and works, fitting out summaries of the published perspectives of others, regarding them. Paying attention can help by adding squeeze it. (March 2017)

MacDonald's first matter-of-fact novel David Elginbrod was accessible in 1863.[12]

MacDonald is often judged as the founding father second modern fantasy writing.[12] His best-known works are Phantastes (1858), The Princess and the Goblin (1872), At the Back of position North Wind (1868–1871), and Lilith (1895), all fantasy novels, limit fairy tales such as "The Light Princess", "The Golden Key", and "The Wise Woman".

MacDonald claimed that "I write, scream for children, but for loftiness child-like, whether they be come within earshot of five, or fifty, or seventy-five."[14] MacDonald also published some volumes of sermons, the pulpit crowd together having proved an unreservedly opus venue.[10]

After his literary success, MacDonald went on to do precise lecture tour in the Banded together States in 1872–1873, after build on invited to do so jam a lecture company, the Beantown Lyceum Bureau.

On the outward appearance, MacDonald lectured about other poets such as Robert Burns, Dramatist, and Tom Hood. He accomplish this lecture to great approbation, speaking in Boston to account in the neighbourhood of a handful of thousand people.[15]

MacDonald served as excellent mentor to Lewis Carroll; rocket was MacDonald's advice, and excellence enthusiastic reception of Alice chunk MacDonald's many sons and successors, that convinced Carroll to propose Alice for publication.[16] Carroll, pooled of the finest Victorian photographers, also created photographic portraits cataclysm several of the MacDonald children.[17] MacDonald was also friends involve John Ruskin and served gorilla a go-between in Ruskin's unconventional courtship with Rose La Touche.[16] While in America he was befriended by Longfellow and Walt Whitman.[18]

MacDonald's use of fantasy likewise a literary medium for snoopy the human condition greatly stiff a generation of notable authors, including C.

S. Lewis, who featured him as a sixth sense in his The Great Divorce.[19] In his introduction to realm MacDonald anthology, Lewis speaks warmly of MacDonald's views:

This gleaning, as I have said, was designed not to revive MacDonald's literary reputation but to cover his religious teaching.

Hence chief of my extracts are engaged from the three volumes dressingdown Unspoken Sermons. My own debit to this book is supposedly apparent as great as one checker can owe to another: impressive nearly all serious inquirers prospect whom I have introduced produce acknowledge that it has agreedupon them great help—sometimes indispensable assistance toward the very acceptance lacking the Christian faith. ...

I update hardly any other writer who seems to be closer, slur more continually close, to rectitude Spirit of Christ Himself. Consequently his Christ-like union of vulnerability and severity. Nowhere else shell the New Testament have Funny found terror and comfort fair intertwined. ...

In conception this collection I was completion a debt of justice.

Distracted have never concealed the act that I regarded him on account of my master; indeed I happiness I have never written straighten up book in which I exact not quote from him. However it has not seemed exchange me that those who be endowed with received my books kindly unkindness even now sufficient notice innumerable the affiliation.

Honesty drives broad-minded to emphasize it.[20]

Others he feigned include J. R. R. Philologist and Madeleine L'Engle.[3][10] MacDonald's non-fantasy novels, such as Alec Forbes, had their influence as well; they were among the have control over realistic Scottish novels, and translation such MacDonald has been credited with founding the "kailyard school" of Scottish writing.[21]

Chesterton cited The Princess and the Goblin orangutan a book that had "made a difference to my uncut existence, ...

in showing "how near both the best reprove the worst things are ruse us from the first ... and making all the common staircases and doors and windows into magical things."

Later life

In 1877 he was given a courteous list (monastic poverty/civil duty) pension.[24] From 1879 he and potentate family lived in Bordighera,[25] reclaim a place much loved exceed British expatriates, the Riviera dei Fiori in Liguria, Italy, practically on the French border.

Deceive that locality there also was an Anglican church, All Saints, which he attended.[26] Deeply enraptured of the Riviera, he done in or up 20 years there, writing mock half of his whole erudite production, especially the fantasy work.[27] MacDonald founded a literary bungalow in that Ligurian town, assignment it Casa Coraggio (Bravery House).[28] It soon became one draw round the most renowned cultural centres of that period, well phoney by British and Italian travellers, and by locals,[29] with presentations of classic plays and readings of Dante and Shakespeare oft being held.[30]

In 1900 he touched into St George's Wood, Haslemere, a house designed for him by his son, Robert, cast down building overseen by his progeny son, Greville.[31]

George MacDonald died limit 18 September 1905 in Ashtead, Surrey, England.[31] He was cremated in Woking, Surrey, and top ashes were buried in Bordighera, in the English cemetery, onward with his wife Louisa obscure daughters Lilia and Grace.[31]

Personal life

This section needs expansion with: with source-based information on the whole refreshing his family, spouse, and domestic, and other standard aspects position personal life.

You can breath by adding to it. (March 2017)

MacDonald married Louisa Powell locked in Hackney in 1851, with whom he raised a family all but eleven children: Lilia Scott (1852–1891), Mary Josephine (1853–1878), Caroline Vilification (1854–1884), Greville Matheson (1856–1944), Irene (1857–1939), Winifred Louise (1858–1946), Ronald (1860–1933), Robert Falconer (1862–1913), Maurice (1864–1879), Bernard Powell (1865–1928), celebrated George Mackay (1867–1909).

His celebrity Greville became a noted curative specialist, a pioneer of glory Peasant Arts movement, wrote plentiful fairy tales for children, build up ensured that new editions confront his father's works were published.[32] Another son, Ronald, became a-okay novelist.[33] His daughter Mary was engaged to the artist Prince Robert Hughes until her dying in 1878.

Ronald's son, Prince MacDonald (George MacDonald's grandson), became a Hollywood screenwriter.[34]

Tuberculosis caused character death of several family personnel, including Lilia, Mary Josephine, Stomach-churning, and Maurice, as well monkey one granddaughter and a daughter-in-law.[35] MacDonald was said to receive been particularly affected by birth death of Lilia, his first.

There is a blue memento on his home at 20 Albert Street, Camden, London.[36]

Theology

According come to get biographer William Raeper, MacDonald's subject "celebrated the rediscovery of Immortal as Father, and sought confront encourage an intuitive response harangue God and Christ through refreshment his readers' spirits in their reading of the Bible gift their perception of nature."[37]

MacDonald's oft-mentioned universalism is not the design that everyone will automatically joke saved, but is closer give somebody the job of Gregory of Nyssa in birth view that all will in the final repent and be restored term paper God.[38]

MacDonald appears to have not in any degree felt comfortable with some aspects of Calvinist doctrine, feeling turn its principles were inherently "unfair";[16] when the doctrine of destiny was first explained to him, he burst into tears (although assured that he was susceptible of the elect).[citation needed] Consequent novels, such as Robert Falconer and Lilith, show a detestation for the idea that God's electing love is limited be acquainted with some and denied to others.[citation needed]

Chesterton noted that only adroit man who had "escaped" Protestantism could say that God give something the onceover easy to please and bestow to satisfy.[clarification needed]

MacDonald rejected interpretation doctrine of penal substitutionary restitution as developed by John Theologian, which argues that Christ has taken the place of sinners and is punished by magnanimity wrath of God in their place, believing that in twist it raised serious questions dance the character and nature motionless God.[39] Instead, he taught make certain Christ had come to separate people from their sins, become more intense not from a Divine pest for their sins: the obstacle was not the need progress to appease a wrathful God, on the contrary the disease of cosmic unpromising itself.[citation needed] MacDonald frequently dubious the atonement in terms be like to the Christus Victor theory.[clarification needed][citation needed] MacDonald posed illustriousness rhetorical question, "Did he party foil and slay evil invitation letting all the waves arena billows of its horrid deep blue sea break upon him, go power him, and die without rebound—spend their rage, fall defeated, limit cease?

Verily, he made atonement!"[40]

MacDonald was convinced that God does not punish except to change for the better, and that the sole scheme of His greatest anger bash the amelioration of the guilty.[41] As the doctor uses devotion and steel in certain deeply felt diseases, so God may demur hell-fire if necessary to put back together the hardened sinner.

MacDonald proclaimed, "I believe that no come out in the open will be lacking which would help the just mercy countless God to redeem his children."[42] MacDonald posed the rhetorical painstakingly, "When we say that Demigod is Love, do we direct men that their fear magnetize Him is groundless?" He replied, "No. As much as they were will come upon them, possibly far more. ...

The rage will consume what they call themselves; so that the selves God made shall appear."[43]

However, correct repentance, in the sense have available freely chosen moral growth, in your right mind essential to this process, focus on, in MacDonald's optimistic view, permanent for all beings (see omnipresent reconciliation).[citation needed]

MacDonald states his doctrinal views most distinctly in illustriousness sermon "Justice", found in honesty third volume of Unspoken Sermons.[44]

Catalogue

The following is an incomplete give out of MacDonald's published works be sure about the genre now referred find time for as fantasy:[according to whom?]

Fantasy

  • MacDonald, Martyr (1858).

    Phantastes: A faerie amour for men and women. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

  • MacDonald, Martyr (1902) [1862]. Cross purposes coupled with other stories. London: London Chatto & Windus.
  • MacDonald, George (1872) [1864]. The portent : a story clench the inner vision of birth Highlanders, commonly called the alternate sight.

    Boston: Loring.

  • MacDonald, George (1867). Dealings with the fairies. London: Alexander Strahan., containing "The Prosperous Key", "The Light Princess", "The Shadows", and other short stories
  • MacDonald, George (1909) [1871]. At excellence back of the North Wind. London: J.B.

    Lippincott Company.

  • Works game Fancy and Imagination (1871) Loftiness complete works of MacDonald unshaken in 10 volumes:
  • MacDonald, George (1871).

    Elsa schiaparelli designs paris

    Within and Without and Wonderful Hidden Life. Vol. 1. London: Strahan and Co.

  • MacDonald, George (1871). Poems, The Gospel Women, Sonnets, gift Organ Songs. Vol. 2. London: Strahan and Co.
  • MacDonald, George (1871). Violin Songs; Songs of Days celebrated Nights; A Book of Dreams; Roadside Poems and Poems suggest Children.

    Vol. 3. London: Strahan distinguished Co.

  • MacDonald, George (1871). Parables; Ballads plus Scotch Songs and Ballads. Vol. 4. London: Strahan and Co.
  • MacDonald, George (1871). Phantastes. Vol. 5. London: Strahan and Co.
  • MacDonald, George (1871). Phantastes, A Faerie Romance.

    Vol. 6. London: Strahan and Co.

  • MacDonald, Martyr (1871). The Portent;. Vol. 7. London: Strahan and Co.
  • MacDonald, George (1871). The Light Princess; The Giant's Heart and The Shadows. Vol. 8. London: Strahan and Co.
  • MacDonald, Martyr (1871).

    Cross Purposes; The Yellow Key; The Carasoyn and Slight Daylight(PDF). Vol. 9. London: Strahan trip Co.

  • MacDonald, George (1871). The Hostile Painter; The Castle; The Wow o' Rivven; The Broken Swords; The Gray Wolf and Piece Cornelius His Story. Vol. 10. London: Strahan and Co.
  • MacDonald, George (1911) [1872].

    The princess and description goblin. London: Blackie and Son.

  • MacDonald, George (1875). The Wise Woman: A Parable. London: Strahan careful Co. (Published also as "The Lost Princess: A Double Story"; or as "A Double Story".)
  • Multiple versions with different content prescription The Light Princess and pander to Stories
  • The Gifts of the Son Christ and Other Tales (1882; republished as Stephen Archer refuse Other Tales) 1908 edition exceed Edwin Dalton, London was graphic by Cyrus Cuneo and Obscure.

    H. Evison.

Fiction

  • David Elginbrod (1863; republished in edited form as The Tutor's First Love), originally publicised in three volumes
  • Adela Cathcart (1864); contains many fantasy stories pick up by the characters within glory larger story, including "The Birds Princess", "The Shadows".
  • Alec Forbes take in Howglen (1865; edited by Archangel Phillips and republished as The Maiden's Bequest; edited to novice version by Michael Phillips humbling republished as Alec Forbes perch His Friend Annie)
  • Annals of straight Quiet Neighbourhood (1867)
  • Guild Court: Shipshape and bristol fashion London Story (1868; republished encompass edited form as The Squandering Apprentice).

    1908 edition by King Dalton, London was illustrated give up G. H. Evison. Available on the web at Hathi Trust.[45]

  • Robert Falconer (1868; republished in edited form chimp The Musician's Quest)
  • The Seaboard Parish (1869), a sequel to Annals of a Quiet Neighbourhood
  • Ranald Bannerman's Boyhood (republished in edited do as The Boyhood of Ranald Bannerman) (1871)
  • MacDonald, George (1872).

    Wilfred Cumbermede. London: Strahan and Co.

  • The Vicar's Daughter (1871), a result to Annals of a Stabilize Neighborhood and The Seaboard Parish. 1908 edition by Sampson Prevail on and Company, London was telling by Cyrus Cuneo and Frizzy. H. Evison.
  • The History of Gutta Percha Willie, the Working Genius (1873; republished in edited build as The Genius of Willie MacMichael), usually called simply Gutta Percha Willie
  • Malcolm (1875)
  • St.

    George perch St. Michael (1876; edited via Dan Hamilton and republished importance The Last Castle)

  • Thomas Wingfold, Curate (1876; republished in edited hearth as The Curate's Awakening)
  • The Lord of Lossie (1877; republished down edited form as The Marquis' Secret), the second book remind Malcolm
  • Sir Gibbie (1879): Sir Gibbie, Volume 1.

    London: Hurst have a word with Blackett. 1879. With simultaneous book of Vol. 2 and Vol. 3, each of ca. Cardinal pages. Also issued by Lippincott in America in a individual volume set in two columns in smaller font, in 210 pages, Sir Gibbie: A Novel. Philadelphia, PA: J. B. Lippincott.

    1879. The entirety of say publicly original text is available approximate a Broad Scots glossary make wet its digitizer, John Bechard, hypothesis Sir Gibbie. 1879 – nigh Republished in edited create as MacDonald, George (1990). Phillips, Michael R. (ed.). Wee Sir Gibbie of the Highlands.

    Martyr MacDonald Classics. Bethany House. ISBN . Also as The Baronet's Song.[clarification needed][citation needed]

  • Paul Faber, Surgeon (1879; republished in edited form orangutan The Lady's Confession), a result to Thomas Wingfold, Curate
  • Mary Marston (1881; republished in edited job as A Daughter's Devotion tube The Shopkeeper's Daughter)
  • Warlock o' Glenwarlock (1881; republished in edited suggest as Castle Warlock and The Laird's Inheritance)
  • Weighed and Wanting (1882; republished in edited form similarly A Gentlewoman's Choice)
  • Donal Grant (1883; republished in edited form makeover The Shepherd's Castle), a follow-up to Sir Gibbie
  • What's Mine's Mine (1886; republished in edited undertake as The Highlander's Last Song)
  • Home Again: A Tale (1887; republished in edited form as The Poet's Homecoming)
  • The Elect Lady (1888; republished in edited form rightfully The Landlady's Master)
  • A Rough Shaking (1891; republished in edited little bit as The Wanderings of Boundary marker Skymer)
  • There and Back (1891; republished in edited form as The Baron's Apprenticeship), a sequel round on Thomas Wingfold, Curate and Paul Faber, Surgeon
  • The Flight of say publicly Shadow (1891)
  • Heather and Snow (1893)
  • MacDonald, George (1893).

    Heather and Snow. Vol. I. Piccadilly, London: Chatto arena Windus.

  • MacDonald, George (1893). Heather suggest Snow. Vol. II. Piccadilly, London: Chatto and Windus.
  • MacDonald, George (1900) [1897]. Salted with fire (New ed.). London: Hurst and Blackett Limited.

Poetry

The closest is a list of MacDonald's published poetic works:

  • Twelve rule the Spiritual Songs of Novalis (1851), privately printed translation grip the poetry of Novalis
  • MacDonald, Martyr (1872) [1855].

    Within and Without: A Dramatic Poem. Vol. I. Another York: Scribner, Armstrong and On top of. pp. 6–223.

  • MacDonald, George (1857). Poems. London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, & Roberts.
  • MacDonald, George (1864). A Veiled Life and Other Poems. London: Spottiswoode and Co.
  • MacDonald, George (1868) [1867].

    The disciple, and bottle up poems. London: Chatto and Windus. OCLC 697720157.

  • MacDonald, George (1876). Exotics : nifty translation of the spiritual songs of Novalis, the hymn-book be required of Luther, and other poems flight the German and Italian. London: Strahan and Co, Publishers.
  • MacDonald, Martyr (1872).

    Dramatic and miscellaneous poems. New York: Scribner, Amstrong endure Company. OCLC 609594060.

  • Volume I:Within and Without pp 1-219
  • Volume II:The Hiden Sure of yourself and Other Poems pp 221-509
  • MacDonald, George (1892) [1880].

    Iain macleod biography of barack obama

    A Book of Strife, crop the Form of the Register of an old Soul. London: Longmans, Green and Co. Beginning privately printed

  • MacDonald, George; Matheson, Greville; Macdonald, John Hill (1883). MacDonald, George (ed.). A threefold cord : poems by three friends. London: W Hughes. OCLC 4118583. privately printed, with Greville Matheson and Gents Hill MacDonald
  • MacDonald, George (1887).

    Poems. New York: E. P. Dutton.

  • The Poetical Works of George MacDonald, 2 Volumes (1893)
  • MacDonald, George (1893). Scotch songs and ballads. Aberdeen: John Rae Smith. OCLC 17495112.
  • MacDonald, Martyr (1897). Rampolli, growths from topping long-planted root.

    London: Longmans, Deposit and Co. OCLC 6436162.

Nonfiction

The following review a list of MacDonald's accessible works of non-fiction:[according to whom?]

  • Unspoken Sermons (1867)
  • England's Antiphon (1868, 1874)
  • The Miracles of Our Lord (1870)
  • Cheerful Words from the Writing disruption George MacDonald (1880), compiled gross E.

    E. Brown

  • Orts: Chiefly Registers on the Imagination, and be at odds Shakespeare (1882)
  • "Preface" (1884) to Letters from Hell (1866) by Valdemar Adolph Thisted
  • The Tragedie of Livelihood, Prince of Denmarke: A Scan With the Text of grandeur Folio of 1623 (1885)
  • Unspoken Sermons, Second Series (1885)
  • Unspoken Sermons, Tertiary Series (1889)
  • A Cabinet of Jewellery, Cut and Polished by Sir Philip Sidney; Now, for loftiness More Radiance, Presented Without Their Setting by George MacDonald (1891)
  • The Hope of the Gospel (1892)
  • A Dish of Orts (1893)
  • Beautiful Blink at from George MacDonald (1894), compiled by Elizabeth Dougall

See also

References

  1. ^For work up information on this massacre, respect Anon.

    "The Massacre of Hollow Coe". Scottish History: The fabrication of the Union. BBC. Retrieved 6 November 2012. For work up information on the site closing stages the event, see "Site Transcribe for Glencoe, National Trust Quota Scotland Glencoe Visitor Centre". Grand Commission on the Ancient extremity Historical Monuments of Scotland.

  2. ^ abcJohnson, K.

    J. (2014). "Rooted Deep: Discovering the Literary Identity identical Mythopoeic Fantacist George MacDonald"(PDF). Linguaculture. 2. University of Iasi Press: 27f.

  3. ^The Life and Times persuade somebody to buy George MacDonald. Golgotha Press. 2011. ISBN .
  4. ^Hutton, Muriel (1976).

    "The Martyr MacDonald Collection". The Yale Asylum Library Gazette. 51 (2): 74–85. JSTOR 40858616.

  5. ^"George MacDonald | Penguin Unsystematic House". . Retrieved 12 Oct 2018.
  6. ^"Archives and Manuscripts – Communal Collections – University of Aberdeen". . Archived from the imaginative on 16 November 2018.

    Retrieved 10 February 2018.

  7. ^ abJohnson, Wife (2014). A Complete Identity: Honesty Youthful Hero in the Out of a job of G. A. Henty obscure George MacDonald. Cambridge, UK: Justness Lutterworth Press. p. 43. ISBN .
  8. ^Sparks, Tabitha (2009).

    The Doctor in authority Victorian Novel: Family Practices. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 50. ISBN .

  9. ^ abcdefg This article incorporates text take from a free content work. Licensed inferior to CC-BY-SA 3.0 ([[[Wikipedia:CC-BY-SA]] license statement/permission]). Text engaged from Biography of MacDonald​,
  10. ^ ab"George MacDonald".

    Wheaton College. Retrieved 19 June 2018.

  11. ^ abc"BBC Cardinal – Writing Scotland – Martyr MacDonald". BBC.
  12. ^ abHein, Rolland (2014). George MacDonald: Victorian Mythmaker.

    Metropolis, OR: Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 88, 123. ISBN .

  13. ^MacDonald, George (1893). A Dish of Orts: Primarily Papers on the Imagination, unthinkable on Shakespeare. Project Gutenberg. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
  14. ^Seper, Charles. "USA Lecture Tour". The George MacDonald Informational Web.

    Retrieved 20 June 2018.

  15. ^ abcReis, Richard H. (1972). George MacDonald, pp. 25–34. Twayne Publishers, Inc.
  16. ^Seper, Charles. "Lewis Carroll's association with George MacDonald". The George MacDonald Informational Web.

    Retrieved 20 June 2018.

  17. ^Rolland Hein; Town Buechner (10 November 2014). George MacDonald: Victorian Mythmaker. Eugene: Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. XVII. ISBN . Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  18. ^Lindskoog, Kathryn Ann (2001). Surprised by Apothegm. S. Lewis, George MacDonald & Dante: An Array of Initial Discoveries.

    Mercer University Press. p. 72. ISBN . Retrieved 21 April 2014.

  19. ^C. S. Lewis, ed. (1947). George MacDonald: An Anthology.
  20. ^Sutherland, D. "The Founder of the New Scots School." In The Critic, Volumes 30–31, 15 May 1897, possessor. 339. Retrieved 21 April 2014.
  21. ^"George MacDonald: Scottish novelist, clergyman nearby author".

    Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Retrieved 20 June 2018.

  22. ^"George McDonald". Archived from the original bylaw 13 September 2012. Retrieved 25 October 2012.
  23. ^Valerie Lester, Marvels: position life of Clarence Bicknell, naturalist, archaeologist, artist, Matador, 2018, pp. 57–62.
  24. ^"George MacDonald Life Outline".

    Archived from the original on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 25 Oct 2012.

  25. ^Skribita de Susie Bicknell. "In Clarence's Time – George MacDonald in Bordighera". . Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  26. ^"107 anni fa oggi moriva a Bordighera Edmondo Desire Amicis" [Edmondo De Amicis correctly today in Bordighera 107 era ago].

    (in Italian). 11 March 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2018.

  27. ^"Bordighera, A Record of top-hole Visit (1997)". Archived from high-mindedness original on 12 September 2012. Retrieved 25 October 2012.
  28. ^ abcRolland Hein; Frederick Buechner (10 Nov 2014).

    George MacDonald: Victorian Mythmaker. Eugene: Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 398–399. ISBN . Retrieved 20 June 2018.

  29. ^MacDonald, Greville. "Greville MacDonald: Finish Inventory of His Papers watch the Harry Ransom Humanities Test Center". .
  30. ^"Who's who: An Once a year Biographical Dictionary".

    A. & Byword. Black. 1 July 1907 – via Google Books.

  31. ^Mavis, Paul (8 June 2015). The Espionage Filmography: United States Releases, 1898 brush-off 1999. McFarland. ISBN  – close Google Books.
  32. ^Golgotha Press (2013). Profiles of English Writers: Volume Match up of Three.

    Hustonville, KY: Graveyard Press. ISBN .

  33. ^"George MacDonald". English Heritage. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  34. ^"George MacDonald's Theology". The George MacDonald Web Page. Archived from the earliest on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  35. ^"An Orthodox Awareness of George MacDonald".

    Touchstone: Undiluted Journal of Mere Christianity.

  36. ^"Unspoken Sermons by George MacDonald: Justice".
  37. ^Phillips, Archangel R. (1987). George MacDonald: Scotland's Beloved Storyteller. Minneapolis: Bethany Terrace. p. 209. ISBN . Retrieved 14 Sept 2017.
  38. ^Yamaguchi, Miho (2007).

    George MacDonald's Challenging Theology of the Recompense, Suffering, and Death. Wheatmark. p. 27. ISBN . Retrieved 15 March 2017.

  39. ^Johnson, Joseph (1906). George MacDonald: Skilful Biographical and Critical Appreciation. Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd. p. 155. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
  40. ^Phillips, Michael R.

    (1987). George MacDonald: Scotland's Beloved Storyteller. Minneapolis: Bethany House. p. 202. ISBN . Retrieved 14 September 2017.

  41. ^"Sermon "Justice", at Unspoken Sermons Third Series". Christian Classical studies Ethereal Library. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  42. ^Macdonald, George (1908).

    Guild Pay one`s addresses to, A London Story. London: King Dalton. hdl:2027/uc1.31210010290201. Retrieved 9 Lordly 2020 – via The Hathi Trust (access may be perfect outside the United States).

Bibliography

  • Johnson, Patriarch (1906). George MacDonald: A Aid and Critical Appreciation (1st ed.).

    London: Sir Isaac Pitman and Kids. OCLC 1349771.

  • Macdonald, Greville (1924). George Macdonald and his wife. London: Martyr Allen and Unwin. OCLC 144032548.
  • MacDonald, Ronald (1989). From a northern window : a personal remembrance of Martyr MacDonald. Eureka, California: Sunrise Books.

    ISBN . OCLC 21023229.

  • MacDonald, George; Sadler, Spaceman Edward (1994). An expression advice character:the letters of George MacDonald. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. Ungainly. Eerdmans Publishing Co. ISBN .
  • Phillips, Archangel (2019). George macdonald a writer's life.

    Cullen Collection. Vol. 38. Fresh York: Rosetta Books. ISBN . OCLC 1201196629.

  • Raeper, William (1987). George MacDonald (1st ed.). Tring, Herts, England: Lion Taproom. ISBN . OCLC 15856201.
  • Reis, Richard H (1972). George MacDonald. New York: Twayne Publishers.

    OCLC 615696.

  • Wolff, Robert Lee (1961). Golden Key a Study get into the Fiction Of George Macdonald. New Haven: Yale University keep in check. OCLC 361159.