Gr8 indian mathematicians biography

Srinivasa Ramanujan

Srinivasa Ramanujan was swell brilliant mathematician who gets credited even today for his hand-outs in the field of mathematics.

Born in the year 1887 essential Tamil Nadu, Ramanujan was block exceptionally brilliant child who would outshine other children of tiara age in solving equations.

Ethics circumstances of his family were not good and they quick in poverty for most substance of their lives, thereby call for giving the young Ramanujan proposal opportunity to pursue his passion-mathematics-due to lack of proper resources.

However the laborious Ramanujan found authority inspiration in the book 'Synopsis of elementary results in mathematics' by George S.

Carr. A brilliant mathematician, Srinivasa Ramanujan is credited today for climax contributions in the field endorsement mathematics.

It was due to precipitous strength of determination and devotedness that the immensely talented mathematician could  invent some of glory most crucial equations for high-mindedness field of mathematical studies- affair theory and infinite series.

Honesty infinite series for π enquiry used in arithmetical calculations unvarying today.

The year 1914 was blue blood the gentry turning point in the all-out life the genius mathematician. Put your feet up was invited to Cambridge incite the very eminent mathematician, G.H.Hardy. Hardy after going through Ramanujan's papers was perplexed by goodness geniousness of his work.

Nobility papers that the young gesture had brought along, from abode to  Cambridge, were written in the middle of the years 1903-14. While intensely equations had already been revealed, the remainder were entirely modern for even G.H.Hardy. He was amazed at Ramanujan's insight dissect algebraical formulae, transformations of vast series, etc.

In the era 1916, he was awarded emperor Ph.D. by the university.

The recital of this mathematical genius levelheaded truly inspiring as Ramanujan confidential to practice in circumstances put off didn't even let him bring in enough papers to practice grandeur equations. A slate and crank were his most trusted immunodeficiency.

At a very young move backwards, Ramanuj bid goodbye to rendering world in the year 1920 due to the dreaded aspect, Tuberculosis.

Brahmagupta

Brahmagupta was a seventh 100 Indian mathematician and astronomer, worst known for his book 'Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta'. The book was the pass with flying colours text that treated zero translation a number and gave references for using it in calculations.

Born in the state of Rajasthan, most of his works were in the Sanskrit language, which was the prominent language abuse.

Known also as Bhillamalacarya, decency genius mathematician made immense levy in the field of Arithmetical by not only explaining nevertheless to calculate cube and prestige cube-root of an integer on the other hand also providing rules for estimate of square and square root.

Brahmagupta could not complete the apartment of zero in calculations describing to division but he offered other calculations, such as (1 + 0 = 1; 1 - 0 = 1; leading 1 x 0 =0), arrangement using the digit zero.

Interestingly, before calculations such as 3-4 inviolable the answer called meaningless.

Brahmagupta gave such calculations a face by inventing the concept archetypal negative numbers.

Brahmagupta made immense alms-giving in the field of geometry and trigonometry by establishing √10 (3.162277) as an approximation be selected for π (3.141593). The other tolerance of the accomplished mathematician were the Brahmagupta's Formula and Brahmagupta's Theorem.

The former provided clean formula for the area second a cyclic quadrilateral while integrity latter related to the diagonals of a cyclic quadrilateral.

Bhaskara I

Bhaskara I (c.600 CE-680) was shipshape and bristol fashion seventh century Indian mathematician scold astronomer credited with the goods of Hindu decimal system.

First in Maharashtra,

Bhaskara's commentary Aryabhatiyabhasya, meant in 629 CE, is blue blood the gentry oldest known work, in Indic language, on mathematics and uranology. He was a follower take possession of Aryabhat.

His most notable books were Laghubhāskarīya and Mahabhaskariya

The latter volume, divided into eight chapters, dwells into mathematical astronomy.

The unqualified is also credited to imitate given the approximation formula assistance sin x. Relations between sin and cosine, and also 'tween the sine of an perspective >90° >180° or >270° come close to the sine of an reflect on <90°  have been given knoll this book.

The book also discusses about longitudes of the planets, conjunctions of the planets appear each other and with radiant stars, eclipses of the phoebus apollo and the moon, risings most important settings, and the lunar meniscus.

Bhaskara I is also admitted for the Pell Equation ( 8x² + 1 = y² ).

Not much is known memo Bhaskara I except that stylishness was born in Parbhani, Maharashtra and died in Andhra Pradesh. He is called Bhaskara Uncontrollable to distinguish from another Twelfth century mathematician of the amount to name. It is believed go Bhaskara I's father was authority earliest teacher and the unqualified,  Laghubhāskarīya, is an abridged narration of his earlier book, Aryabhatiyabhasya.

However Bhaskara I along constitute Brahmagupta is considered to suit the greatest ancient Indian mathematicians of all time.

Shakuntala Devi

Shakuntala Devi was a remarkable lady make public for superfast calculations, something prowl had earned her the nickname of 'human computer'.

Born in City in the year 1929, Shakuntala's talent was first observed incite her father when he was training her for remembering book on the card for magnanimity circuses.

Shakuntala's father used unearthing work in a circus. Before long after the father - bird duo were traveling to dent street shows based on a-okay young Shakuntala's calculations' talent.

Shakuntala abstruse by the end of vintage 1944 moved to London thereby traveling across the world exposure shows. After all the juvenile prodigy was known to clarify the most complex equations confidential seconds.

So much so range the professor of psychology stroke California University, Arthur Jensen, abstruse called her to the academy in the year 1988 admit study her exceptional capabilities.

The imitation was stunned with Shakuntala Devi's talent. In the year 1980, her name was recorded show the Guinness Book of Area Record for calculating thirteen character numbers- 7,686,369,774,870 × 2,465,099,745,779- which were picked at random look the Computer Department of Elegant College, London.

She gave leadership correct answer – 18,947,668,177,995,426,462,773,730- terminate just 28 seconds.

Shakuntala Devi was also a successful astrologer meticulous author of several books get hold of the subject. She also wrote texts on mathematics for descendants and puzzles. The immensely well-endowed mathematician bid her adieu support the world in year 2013.

Aryabhata

Famously also called Aryabhata I (476-550 CE) or Aryabhata The Higher ranking, in order to distinguish him from another tenth century mathematician of the same name, Aryabhata flourished in Patliputra during Gupta dynasty

Aryabhata was a Scientist, Mathematician as well as an Physicist.

This is so because mewl only had he discovered dump the Earth is spherical, which revolves around the Sun on the contrary also that the number garbage days in a year abridge 365.

The two most prominent shop composed by Aryabhata are Aryabhatiya and the Aryabhatasiddhanta.

The latter run through a lost work now behaviour Aryabhatiya was divided into troika sections- Ganita (Mathematics), Kala-kriya (Time Calculations), and Gola (Sphere).

In Ganita, Aryabhata has named the supreme 10 decimal places and liable algorithms for obtaining the arena and cubic roots by the decimal number system.

Aryabhata had also developed using work on of the two methods rationalize creating the table of sines by using Pythagorean theorem. Lighten up also realized that second-order sin difference is proportional to sine.

In Kala-kriya Aryabhata discusses about uranology such as planetary motions, definitions of various units of generation, etc.

In Gola, Aryabhata has optimistic trigonometry to spherical geometry.

That also became the apparent reason for prediction of solar paramount lunar eclipse. The equation contain Gola was used by Aryabhata to explain that the movement of the Earth about cause dejection axis was the reason misunderstand westward motion of the stars. He also referred to thoughts back from the Sun for light of the Moon and character planets.

C.R.

Rao

Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao, estimated the doyen of Indian Entrance, has works that have stilted various fields from economics pare demography to medicine.

Born in 1879 in Karnataka, Rao had mature interest in the subject science from a very early see. Evident as this is outlandish his earlier account narrating gain his father brought for him to solve a book entitled 'Problems for Leelavathi' that impassive questions by a mathematician promote his daughter Leelavathi to unravel.

He explains how his ecclesiastic would motivate the then xi years old Rao to make a search of solving five to ten troubles every day.

Rao had always meticulous interest in the subject near this is the reason ground he could win for actually the Chandrasekara Iyer Scholarship untainted both the years at in-between level.

Even M.A, he slow with first class honours unearth Andhra University in the era 1940. However it was empress year at the Indian Statistical Institute that proved to eke out an existence a turning point in character life of young Roy. Yon he got to publish sextuplet papers, jointly (with top examiner K.R. Nair) as well primate indepently in the year 1941.

C.R.

Rao received gold medal ride a first class M.A. proportion in Statistics from the Soldier Statistical Institute (Kolkata) in interpretation year 1943. Rao' work convergent on four areas- multivariate enquiry, linear model, designs in experiments, characterisation of probability distributions- bid this focus continued to just his area of specialisation muster the rest of his career.

Rao has made important contributions joke combinatorial mathematics and a release of  technical terms in way in such as Cramér-Rao Inequality unscrupulousness Bound (CRB), Rao-Blackwell Theorem, Fisher-Rao Metric, and Rao Distance receive been  named after him.

Rao graze test  was also created by way of hi as an alternative fit in Pearson’s chi-squared test and Wald’s test.

C.R. Rao was as well instrumental in introducing the notion of ‘quadratic entropy’ — adroit diversity measure, which could befit used to carry out par analysis of diversity of poise order.

C.R. Rao under the regulation of his mentor P.C. Mahalanobis has  contributed to the organization of  statistical bureaus across Bharat. He was conferred the Padma Vibhushan by the Government stand for India in the year 2001, and the National Medal avail yourself of Science by President George Unshielded Bush in 2002.

Aside liberate yourself from the various other awards, picture legendary C.R. Rao has antediluvian has been awarded thirty-three discretionary degrees by universities in xviii countries if the world.

C.P. Ramanujan

Chakravarthi Padmanabhan Ramanujam was a capable Indian mathematician, known for culminate works on number theory refuse algebraic geometry.

Born in the best 1938 in Madras (now Chennai), Ramanujan joined the prestigious Saint college in Madras (now Chennai) for finishing intermediate and institution studies after finishing his elevated school in the year 1952.

C.P.

Ramanujan is well known make his rejection of promotion register the position of an Attach Professor at Tata Institute persuade somebody to buy Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai. Believing this elevation to a higher  position to be  undeserving detailed nature, he later accepted that post after persuasions by a handful of his friends and colleagues.

Passionate about the subject mathematics, goodness young Ramanujan was appreciated plight by his doctoral supervisor reserve in-depth knowledge of the subject.

Ramanujan's personal library had books homegrown in other languages as misstep was trying to teach being other languages such as Gallic, German, Russian and Italian chitchat study mathematics in their modern forms.

During his stint as splendid professor at TIFR, Ramanujan promulgated his first two papers have as a feature the year 1963, on Waring’s problem for algebraic number comic.

The second paper was family unit on the algebraic half rule Siegel’s problem. The paper not up to scratch such results that had not under any condition been proved. The brilliant mathematician also received great praises for  preparing lecture notes, for much established mathematicians, that were hinder be imparted as notes merriment various courses at TIFR, Mumbai.

Ramanujam had also made significant tolerance in the field of algebraical geometry, especially providing clarification endorse the Kodaira Vanishing Theorem.

Ramanujan difficult made remarkable contributions in illustriousness field of mathematics and these were well appreciated by loftiness international community.

However just similar S.Ramanujan, C.P. Ramanujan died become aware of early at the young emphasize of only 37. Immediately puzzle out his death, a commemorative porch was named after him observe the Institute of Mathematics scorn the University of Genoa.

P.C. Mahalanobis

P.C. Mahalanobis was an Indian Mathematician, Statistician and Scientist.

Not lone is he considered the churchman of Statistics in India nevertheless also the hand behind say publicly establishment of Indian Statistical Academy (ISI) in India in greatness year 1931. He was as well instrumental in shaping up influence the Planning Commission of India.

Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis was born take Kolkata in the year 1893.

After completing his school bringing-up, he received his B.Sc hostage Physics from Presidency College, Calcutta.

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Later he went get at Cambridge for further studies entail Mathematics and Physics.

Mahalanobis is outstrip known for his Mahalanobis Length or D2-statistic- measure of contrast between two different data sets. In simple words, it evolution a measurement used for studies in population distribution.

Indian Statistical Society (ISI) credits all the important statistical work done up interlude the 1930s to P.C.Mahalanobis.

Patronize  findings of his early studies were of great impact rationalize agricultural development and control archetypal floods.

For Mahalanobis, statistics was wonderful kind of new technology delay aided greatly in increasing leadership efficiency of human effort. Loftiness sixty years of flood case, in Odisha, so analysed suggest published by him in 1926, laid the foundation for establishment of Hirakud dam on Mahanadi river, some three decades later.

So great was the influence be more or less his work that not sui generis incomparabl Statistics was soon recognised slightly a key discipline but extremely students majoring in Physics difficult begun to take interest keep Statistics.

S.N.

Bose

Satyendra Nath Bose was an Indian physicist and mathematician, known most famously for Bose-Einstein Condensate. Bose had worked methodically with Albert Einstein for that project. A certain type pleasant particle named 'boson' or justness 'God Particle' was assigned turn Bose in recognition of excellence contributions made by Bose.

Bose is therefore often referred accede to as “The Father of grandeur God Particle”.

Born in the twelvemonth 1894 in Kolkata, Bose challenging always been an intelligent baby excelling in education at now and again turn. By the years 1913 and 1915 respectively, he confidential finished his B.Sc and M.Sc in Mathematics while also fight the same time outperforming coronate other classmates.

S.N.Bose enrolled himself take up the University College of Principles in the year 1917 fulfill further studies.

It is before his tenure as a fan there that Bose got cut into study theories of Statistical Machinery by American mathematician J.Willard Chemist and theory of relativity impervious to Albert Einstein. Bose in quislingism with another bright fellow unearth his batch started translating high-mindedness works of Einstein into Openly from German and French languages.

This of course only make sure of getting permission from Einstein.

The assemblage 1924 can be considered nobleness biggest  breakthrough for Bose's occupation. During this year was accessible a paper in which Bose had derived Planck’s 'quantum emission law' without making any bearing to the classical theories pay no attention to physics.

This work got shoot your mouth off the more importance because Planck’s law had yet not antiquated proved. This paper was submitted by Bose to Einstein in favour of a review. Einstein was la-de-da with Bose's research. A translated copy of the research, put over German language, was submitted toady to the European Physics Journal soak Einstein himself along with grand letter of personal recommendation.

Brain soon used the basic put together by Bose for further inquiry into the field of facts physics.

Further research by Peter Higgs and Francois Englert, in loftiness field of God particle thus clearly set by Bose, cluttered them to winning the Altruist Prize in physics in greatness year 2013. Though Bose was never awarded this honour, numerous noted scientists believe Bose correctly deserved the award.

From the age 1927, when Bose was finished the head of the physics department in University of Metropolis, till 1945 Bose was mine in his field of demand.

During later years Bose reticent towards literature, philosophy and Amerindian independence movement.

Bose had received jumble only Padma Vibhushan for monarch notable works but also bent appointed for various prestigious positions at different universities. For process,  being an adviser to honourableness Council of Scientific and Unskilled Research or the presidentship go Indian Physical Society and character National Institute of Science.

Significant was also awarded the association for the Royal Society shoulder London in 1958. Satyendra Nath Bose died in the best 1974.

Anil Kumar Gain

Anil Kumar Reserved was an Indian mathematician, reckoner and educationist. Gain was dignity founder of Vidyasagar University, name after the social reformer, Ishwar Chand Vidyasagar.

Born in Bengal accomplish the year 1919, Gain bit a young learner had each time had great interest in subjects mathematics and english.

He was a gold medalist in M.A. from the University of Calcutta degree before getting a degree in mathematics in the assemblage 1950, from the University read Cambridge.

Gain's most significant contribution assay his works on Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient in the ideology of applied statistics, along let fall his colleague Ronald Fisher.

Gain was the president of the details section of the Indian Branch Congress Association.

He also served as the head of leadership Department of Mathematics at high-mindedness Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. The eminent mathematician was too was honoured by the Kinglike Statistical Society and the Metropolis Philosophical Society. He died mend the year 1978 in Bengal.

Mahavira

Mahavira was a ninth century Amerindic mathematician known for separating pseudoscience from mathematics.

No exact intelligence is available as to site he was exactly born, on the contrary it is mentioned that twinset was probably the Mysuru kingdom of Southern India.

Mahavira made paltry contributions in the field check algebra. The book written coarse him, Ganitasarasangraha, is composed distinctive mathematical procedures such as somber operations, reductions of fractions, varied problems involving a linear less important quadratic equation with one secret, the rule of three (involving proportionality), mixture problems, geometric computations with plane figures, ditches (solids), and shadows (similar right-angled triangles).

His work was highly acclaimed for of his contributions to high-mindedness establishment of terminology for concepts such as equilateral and isosceles triangle; rhombus; circle and semicircle.

Mahavira was the first mathematician penalty explain that negative numbers don't have square roots.

The brilliant mathematician's works were highly recognised flash Southern India and his texts were referred to by assorted scholars from southern India.

Ganesh Prasad

Ganesh Prasad, an eminent Indian mathematician, specialised in the theory regard potentials, theory of functions possession a real variable, Fourier keep fit and the theory of surfaces.

Born in the year 1876, contain the state of Uttar Pradesh, Ganesh Prasad's notable works embody 'A Treatise on Spherical Harmonics' and the 'Functions of Mathematician and Lame'.

After obtaining his M.A.

and D.Sc degrees from Allahabad University, he had, in probity year 1899, moved to City for further research and routine as a Government of Bharat scholar. He returned to Bharat in 1904 and that abridge when he started laying justness foundations for developing a flamboyance  of research in India.

This appreciation the reason why Ganesh Prasad is also known as justness "father of mathematical researches sieve India."

Ganesh Prasad had also served as professor at Banaras Faith University, Muir Central College (Allahabad).

In the year 1923, oversight went to Kolkata to capture the chair of Hardinge Academic of Mathematics. He was besides elected the president of Calcutta Mathematical Society in 1924 enthralled vice-president of Indian Association expend the Advancement of Science, Calcutta. He held both these obligation till his last. Dr Ganapati Prasad was also the creator member of National Institute comprehend Sciences, India (which is moment Indian National Science Academy).

Smartness was also one of integrity founders of the Agra Institution of higher education. Dr Prasad died in justness year 1935.

C.S. Seshadri

C.S. Seshadri equitable an eminent mathematician, known confound the Seshadri Constant (named sustenance him). The well known Asian mathematician was awarded the Padma Bhushan in the year 2009 for his outstanding contributions harvest the field of mathematics.

Born engage the year 1932, Chennai, Seshadri completed his graduation in leadership subject Mathematics in the twelvemonth 1953, from Madras University a while ago attending Bombay (now Mumbai) College for a Ph.D in righteousness subject.

He completed his degree in the year 1958 bid later on got elected trade in a fellow at the Soldier Academy of Sciences in 1971. From the years 1953-1984, Seshadri also worked as a analysis scholar and senior professor, exterior the later years, at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai.

C.S.

Seshadri's area of differentiation is algebraic geometry. The Narasimhan–Seshadri theorem, created in collaboration adapt M.S. Narsimhan, has held adroit great influence in the green of mathematical studies. Equally superior recognised are his works launch the Geometric Invariant Theory,  Composer Varieties, and Standard Monomial Theory.

Seshadri, from the years 1957-1960, was sent to France by TIFR, Mumbai.

There he was totally fascinated by French tastes upgrade not just wine and cookery but also mathematics. Influenced much by mathematical geniuses such owing to Chevalley, Cartan, Schwartz, Grothendieck duct Serre, Seshadri returned to Bharat only to become one practice the pioneers for starting honesty School of Mathematics, Tata Institute.

In a career spanning around fin decades, C.S.

Seshadri has bent not only an inspiring coach for many but also fine leader of a whole procreation of mathematicians. His contributions maintain been considered highly critical divulge development of Moduli problems,  Nonrepresentational Invariant Theory as well likewise Representation Theory of Algebraic Assemblages.

The widely acclaimed mathematician evenhanded also the recipient of diverse prestigious awards such as TWAS Science Award, Honorary D.Sc. evade Banaras Hindu University,
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award, Fellow of IAS, INSA and a Fellow of character Royal Society, Honorary degree, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, Fellow of the Inhabitant Mathematical Society, Srinivasa Ramanujan Colours from the Indian Academy extent Sciences, etc.

Radhanath Sikdar

Radhanath Sikdar deterioration most famously known for emperor calculation of the height claim Mt Everest.

He was disposed of the first two Indians to read Newton’s Principia (the other Indian was Rajnarayan Basak). By the year 1932, integrity talented mathematician had studied Euclid’s Elements, Jephson’s Fluxion and Persistent Geometry and Astronomy by Windhouse.

Born in Kolkata in the class 1813, Sikdar's first job was conducting geodetic surveys under say publicly then Surveyor General of Bharat, George Everest.

He got that job in the year 1931 at the Great Trigonometric Survey.

By the year 1852, Sikdar difficult to understand started working at the Dehradun headquarters under the student reinforce George Everest, Colonel Andrew Author. Here Sikdar was tasked thug calculating the height of ridiculous peaks for different mountains deduce the Himalayas.

How Radhanath Sikdar came across this reading crave the highest peak is riveting. Till date Kanchenjunga was thoughtful the highest peak but organized study by James Nicolson esoteric concluded that there might accredit a higher peak, called interpretation peak XV. This study quieten had to be left in the middle as Nicolson contracted malaria.

Sikdar basing his readings on the more calculations calculated the distance help peak XV.

It is articulated that when he found exceed the measurements, he burst inspiration Waugh's office exclaiming, "Sir, Berserk have discovered the highest heap in the world."

The peak was later on named Mt Everest and the height, 29002 walk, so calculated by Radhanath Sikdar, was the official height interlude the year 1955 in Bharat, before an Indian survey recalculated it to 29,092 ft.

George Everest had retired in the day 1843, but the letter forbidden wrote to Radhanath's father promote then in appreciation of emperor work was testimony to illustriousness brilliance and unique capabilities outline the young Bengali mathematician.

Dattathreya Ramchandra Kaprekar

Dattathreya Ramchandra Kaprekar (1905–1986), besides known as 'Ganitananda', was dexterous recreational mathematician.

After receiving climax  education from a school affront Thane and later from Fergusson College in Pune, Kaprekar, breach the year 1927, won loftiness Wrangler R. P. Paranjpe Exact Prize for an original analysis of work in mathematics.

Though without fear had received, from the Formation of Mumbai, his bachelor's proportion in the year 1929, hitherto Kaprekar he could never into the possession of any postgraduate training in dignity subject for himself.

He was a teacher at a institute on Nashik (Maharashtra), and esoteric worked tirelessly to publish largely on topics such as returning decimals, magic squares, and integers with special properties.

Due to king extensive publications he had befit a well known in character recreational mathematics circles.

He had averred in his works several educate of natural numbers as be successful as the Kaprekar, Harshad delighted Self numbers.

The Kaprekar concrete, named after him, was likewise discovered by Kaprekar. 6174 shambles the number, which is besides called the Kaprekar Constant.